By MCCOG
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June 25, 2020
Welcome to our new ongoing series #BestPracticesINPlanning! The Land Use & Design team will be discussing different best practices in community planning specific to Madison County and Indiana based on the Indiana Chapter of the American Planning Association’s Citizens’ Planning Guide. Thoughtful planning is important for fostering and sustaining prosperous communities. Communities all over the United States have been laid out according to plans since the earliest settlements, including Jeffersonville, Indiana. Even though Jeffersonville is outside Madison County near the Kentucky border, its history demonstrates how planning for communities’ specific needs is important. Jeffersonville was originally laid out by Thomas Jefferson in 1802. The plan contained a checkerboard pattern of undeveloped and subdivided squares to create permanent open spaces. Permanent open spaces were important to Thomas Jefferson, because they would help deter the spread of Yellow Fever. Jefferson’s plan allowed for large commercial uses along the Ohio River that helped Indiana assert trade dominance in the region. However, land speculators found the plan inhibiting, so the Indiana legislature authorized replatting the land in 1816. The replatting allowed for selling more housing to settlers moving west, creating better access to the Ohio River, and establishing the Indiana Canal Company. The original grid pattern is still fundamental to Jeffersonville, but the replatting suited its practical realistic needs and allowed the city to grow organically. Madison County has also grown organically since its founding in 1823. The county was named after James Madison, even though the fourth president was not directly involved in planning it like Thomas Jefferson was in planning Jeffersonville. Madison County’s growth is attributed to reactions to various events in its history. The City of Anderson was formed into a small village when a trading post was established in the early 1830’s. Anderson remained a small village until the early 1850’s when the Indianapolis Bellefontaine Railroad arrived, which prompted the village to expand. Anderson expanded even more when natural gas was discovered in 1887, leading to the Gas Boom and following Gas Bust in 1912. General Motors (GM) and other automobile manufacturers arrived in the 1920’s following the Gas Bust, which provided many employment opportunities for county residents until the early 2000’s. However, relying so heavily on this single industry led to a sharp economic decline when GM ceased all operations in 2008. Jeffersonville demonstrates there is a distinction between idealized planning like Jefferson’s plan, and the practical realistic planning like the speculators’ replatting. Madison County demonstrates that planners must find balances to better and sustain their communities. Practical realistic planning is essential for giving community residents what they want, fostering efficient land uses, and promoting economic development. Today, we still face similar pressures and problems with planning communities as we did 200 years ago. Planners understand our communities and their histories, so they are here to propel us into the future, including MCCOG’s Land Use & Design team!